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首页» 过刊浏览» 2020» Vol.5» Issue(2) 290-298     DOI : 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2020.02.025
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基于 DEA 方法的中国油气勘探开发行业技术进步贡献率测算与分析
刘明明,胡欢,王建良
中国石油大学(北京) 经济管理学院,北京 102249
Calculation and analysis of the contribution rate of technological progress ​ in China's oil & gas exploration and development industry based on the DEA method
LIU Mingming, HU Huan, WANG Jianliang
School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China

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摘要  作为国民经济的主导产业之一,油气行业对国民经济有着重要的推动作用。在影响油气行业上游发展的 诸多因素中,技术进步带来的作用十分关键。本文针对我国 15 个油气生产省份,基于技术进步与经济增长理 论,采用DEA方法,从纵向和横向上定量测算了这些省份 2003—2017 年间技术有效值、全要素生产率和技术 进步贡献率 3 个指标的变化情况,以科学解释技术进步对我国油气工业上游发展的具体效果。计算结果表明, 不同省份的技术有效值存在较大差异,广东、四川和青海省的技术有效值相对较高,而甘肃、吉林和河南的技 术有效值较低,导致这种差异的重要原因在于油气资源状况与技术水平;我国油气勘探开发行业全要素生产率 总体上呈现出了增长趋势,2003—2017 年全要素生产率的平均增长率为 9.1%,同期对油气产出的平均贡献率为 215.4%,表明综合技术进步确实对油气上游产出产生了显著的正贡献;对全要素生产率分析发现,技术进步平 均增长率为 6.4%,技术效率平均增长率为 14.9%,规模效率平均增长率为 8.8%,纯技术效率平均增长为 3.5%, 表明规模效率显著提升引起的技术效率提高是全要素生产率增长的主要原因。在未来油气资源勘探难度增大、 资源丰度下降、资源劣质化程度加深的背景下,中国油气行业上游勘探开发将更加依赖科技的持续进步,需要 国家、行业、企业 3 个维度共同作用,一方面重视规模效率对技术效率的影响,通过对新技术的推广利用做大 技术的规模效应,进而提高技术效率;另一方面,加大对革命性技术的投入,并加强对科技人员的培养,以不 断涌现的技术成果解决油气勘探开发行业遇到的一系列难题,促进油气勘探开发行业的可持续发展。
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关键词 : 油气工业;DEA;技术进步;技术效率;规模效率;贡献率
Abstract
The oil and gas industry plays an important role in the national economy. Among the many factors affecting the development of the upstream oil and gas industry, the role of technological progress is critical. Based on the theory of technological progress and economic growth, this paper used the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to quantitatively calculate the changes of three indicators from 2003 to 2017 in 15 oil and gas producing provinces in China These indicators are technical effective value, total factor productivity and contribution rate of technological progress, to explain the specific effects of technological progress on the development of China’s upstream oil and gas industry. The results show that the technical effective values of different provinces vary greatly. Guandong, Sichuan and Qinghai are relatively high, while Gansu, Jilin and Henan are relatively low, and the important reason for the difference lies in the oil and gas resources and technical level. The total factor productivity of China's oil and gas exploration and development industry shows an overall growth trend, with an average
growth rate of 9.1% from 2003 to 2017, and its overall contribution to output during the same period was 215%, indicating that comprehensive technological progress had indeed made a significant positive contribution to the upstream oil and gas output. Furthermore, the analysis of total factor productivity shows that the average growth rate of technological progress, technological efficiency, scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency are 6.4%, 14.9%, 8.8% and 3.5% respectively, which indicates that technical efficiency improvement caused by the significant increase of scale efficiency is the main reason for the growth of total factor productivity. Against the background of increasing difficulty in prospecting for oil and gas resources, decreasing resource abundance, and reducing resource quality, China's oil and gas industry upstream exploration and development will be more dependent on the continuous progress of science and technology. This needs the government, the industry and related enterprises to work together. On the one hand, to pay attention to the impact of scale efficiency on the technical efficiency, and try to enlarge the scale efficiency through promoting the use of technology to finally improve the technical efficiency. On the other hand,
the investment in revolutionary technologies should be increased to solve various problems in the oil and gas exploration and development industry with emerging technological achievements, so as to promote the sustainable development of the oil and gas exploration and development industry.

 

Key words: oil and gas industry; DEA; technological progress; technological efficiency; scale efficiency; contribution rate
收稿日期: 2020-06-30     
PACS:    
基金资助:教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(19YJCZH106)、国家自然科学基金项目(71874201,71503264,71673297,71874202) 资助
通讯作者: wangjianliang@cup.edu.cn
引用本文:   
LIU Mingming, HU Huan, WANG Jianliang. Calculation and analysis of the contribution rate of technological progress in China's oil & gas exploration and development industry based on the DEA method. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2020, 02: 290-298.
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