Pores and fractures and their connectivity play a significant role in coalbed methane production. To investigate the growth characteristics and connectivity of pores and fractures in coal parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane, the pores and fractures of high-rank coal samples collected from the southern Qinshui Basin were measured by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray-computed tomography and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Then, the determinants of their connectivity were further discussed. The results show that the high-rank coal samples have similar pore size distributions both parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane. They primarily contain mesopores (2–50 nm in width), followed by macrospores (> 50 nm in width). The research indicated that the high-rank coal connectivity parallel to the bedding plane is significantly better than that perpendicular to the bedding plane. The connectivity of high-rank coal is mainly determined by throats, and the orientation of the pores and fractures. The two connectivity modes in high-rank coal are “pore connectivity,” in which the throats are mainly pores with a low coordination number, and “microfissure connectivity”, in which the throats are mainly microfissures with a high coordination number.