The disposal of waste wind turbine blades and spent FCC catalysts represented two significant environmental challenges for the renewable energy and petroleum refining sectors, respectively. This study presented an integrated strategy for the synergistic conversion of these wastes by using catalytic pyrolysis in a fluidized-bed reactor. Using solid heat carriers and spent FCC catalysts, the influences of pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time, and blending ratio on yields and compositions of pyrolysates were systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions (550 °C, 20 min, blending ratio of 1:3), a high pyrolysis oil yield of 28.28 wt% was achieved. More importantly, GC-MS analysis revealed exceptional selectivity towards valuable chemicals with the content of phenolics in the pyrolysis oil reaching 91.07%, among which phenol accounted for 66.47%. The simultaneous production of pyrolysis gas was rich in light hydrocarbons and H2. This work not only demonstrated a technically feasible “waste-to-resource” pathway for two industrial wastes but also provided a catalytic pyrolysis approach for selectively obtaining high-purity phenolic feedstocks from complex thermoset composites, providing new insights for sustainable waste management and chemical production.