Coalbed methane (CBM) is an important unconventional natural gas. Exploitation of multilayered CBM reservoir is still facing the challenge of low production rate. Radial borehole fracturing, which integrates radial jet drilling and hydraulic fracturing, is expected to create complex fracture networks in multilayers and enhance CBM recovery. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the mechanisms and efficacy of radial borehole fracturing in increasing CBM production in multiple layers. First, a two-phase flow and multi-scale 3D fracture network including radial laterals, hydraulic fractures and face/butt cleats model is established, and embedded discrete fracture model (EDFM) is applied to handle the complex fracture networks. Then, effects of natural-fracture nonuniform distribution are investigated to show the advantages of targeted stimulation for radial borehole fracturing. Finally, two field CBM wells located in eastern Yunnan-western Guizhou, China were presented to illuminate the stimulation efficiency by radial borehole fracturing. The results indicated that compared with vertical well fracturing, radial borehole fracturing can achieve higher gas/water daily production rate and cumulative gas/water production, approximately 2 times higher. Targeted communications to cleats and sweet spots and flexibility in designing radial borehole parameters in different layers so as to increase fracture-network complexity and connectivity are the major reasons for production enhancement of radial borehole fracturing. Furthermore, the integration of geology-engineering is vital for the decision of radial borehole fracturing designing scheme. The key findings of this paper could provide useful insights towards understanding the capability of radial borehole fracturing in developing CBM and coal-measure gas in multiple-thin layers.