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首页» 过刊浏览» 2019» Vol.4» Issue(2) 111-122     DOI : 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2019.02.010
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低频地震岩石物理测量系统改进及致密砂岩实验研究
赵立明,唐跟阳,王尚旭*,董春晖,贺艳晓,赵建国,孙超,韩旭
中国石油大学( 北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249
Low-frequency seismic rock physics measurement system improvement and experiments on tight sandstone
ZHAO Liming, TANG Genyang, WANG Shangxu, DONG Chunhui, HE Yanxiao, ZHAO Jianguo, SUN Chao, HAN Xu
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China

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摘要  低频地震岩石物理测量系统能够直接测量岩石地震频段的弹性参数,这些弹性参数的直接获取对地震波传播特征研究及油气勘探开发具有重要意义。本文在改进原有低频地震岩石物理测量系统基础上开展了低频岩石物理实验和岩石物理模型模拟分析,建立了致密砂岩低频实验测试与建模模拟流程。原有测量系统通过优化激振器增益函数和选取高效的锁相环信号提取算法进行改进,将测量频段拓展到1~2000 Hz并减少了信号采集时间。通过标准样品(铝和有机玻璃)的标定实验,验证了改进后系统的可靠性和准确性。利用改进后的系统对致密砂岩在干燥和完全饱和白油条件下开展了低频岩石物理实验,结果显示:干燥岩样的弹性参数在低频和超声频段一致,再次验证了改进后系统的可靠性;而饱和白油致密砂岩弹性参数在1~2000 Hz频段范围内表现出明显的频散特性。对比分析实测饱和白油致密砂岩纵横波速度与基于微观孔隙结构特征的喷射流模型模拟结果表明:喷射流是引起饱和白油致密砂岩频散的主要原因;模拟横波速度与实测值大致吻合,模拟纵波速度与实测值存在一定偏差,实测纵波速度的频散特征更加明显及频散频段更为宽广,可能是因为实际岩石的孔隙结构比理论模型更加复
杂造成的。改进后的低频地震岩石物理测量系统为定量研究具有弹性频散特征的含流体岩石提供了有力的工具,能够建立储层参数与地震响应之间的定量关系,为发展新的储层和流体地震预测技术奠定了重要的基础。
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关键词 : 岩石物理;低频;锁相环算法;频散;喷射流;孔隙结构
Abstract

Low-frequency seismic rock physics measurement system can directly determine elastic parameters of rocks at seismic frequencies. This is of great importance for understanding seismic wave propagation and for exploring for oil and gas. In this paper, low-frequency experiments and rock physics model analysis were carried out based on the improved low-frequency seismic rock physics measurement system. The original system was improved by optimizing the shaker gain function and selecting an efficient signal extraction algorithm, i.e. a phase-locked loop algorithm, the measurement frequency band was extended to 1-2000 Hz and the strain signal acquisition time was reduced. Then, calibration experiments of standard samples (aluminum and lucite)verified the reliability and accuracy of the improved system. Using the improved system, low frequency experiments were conducted on a tight sandstone under dry and fully oil-saturated conditions. Different elastic parameters for the fully oil-saturated tight sandstone exhibited obvious dispersion trends in the frequency range of 1~2000 Hz. The comparison between the measured results and the modelling results of the squirt flow based on pore microstructures shows that the squirt flow is the main reason for the dispersion of the fully oil-saturated sandstone and also shows the modelled shear wave velocities are consistent with the measured ones, while there is a discrepancy between the modelled P-wave velocities and the measured ones, and the dispersion of the measured P-wave velocities is more obvious and broader. The discrepancy may be attributed to the more complicated pore structures in real rocks. The improved low-frequency seismic rock physics measurement system provides a powerful tool for quantitatively investigating the elastic dispersion characteristics of fluid-saturated rocks and can establish a quantitative relationship between reservoir parameters and seismic responses, thus building an important foundation for the development of new techniques that predict the properties of reservoirs and pore fluid.

Key words: rock physics; low-frequency; phased-locked loop algorithm; dispersion; squirt flow; pore structure
收稿日期: 2019-06-28     
PACS:    
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(41774143, 41574103, 41274138) 和国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05018-005, 2016ZX05004-003) 共同资助
通讯作者: wangsx@cup.edu.cn
引用本文:   
赵立明, 唐跟阳, 王尚旭, 董春晖, 贺艳晓, 赵建国, 孙超, 韩旭. 低频地震岩石物理测量系统改进及致密砂岩实验研究. 石油科学 通报, 2019, 02: 111-122
链接本文:  
ZHAO Liming, TANG Genyang, WANG Shangxu, DONG Chunhui, HE Yanxiao, ZHAO Jianguo, SUN Chao, HAN Xu. Low-frequency seismic rock physics measurement system improvement and experiments on tight sandstone. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2019, 02: 111-122.
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