In this study, four kinds of neat asphalt with different oil sources were selected, and Styrene–Butadiene–Styrene(SBS) modified asphalt was prepared by a high shear method. This study was to investigate the influence of the separation of four SARA fractions and the dosage of SBS polymer on the high temperature performance of modified asphalt in the Softening Point test, Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR). The results revealed that the dosage of SBS polymer and SARA fractions had significant effects on the high-temperature performance of modified asphalt. With increasing dosage of SBS polymer, the high-temperature performance of modified asphalt improved continuously. The higher the content of asphaltenes and the lower the content of saturates , the better the high-temperature performance of SBS modified asphalt. The results also indicated that a high saturates content can cause the high-temperature performance of the modified asphalt to improve faster with an increase of the SBS polymer. When the dosage of SBS polymer was low, the neat asphalt has a significant effect on the high temperature performance of the modified asphalt, whereas the influence of SBS polymer is more obvious. The anti-flow deformation ability of III-SBS modified asphalt was the best at high SBS dosage (5.0%), low test oscillation frequency (0.1 ~ 1.0 rad/s) and high test temperature (70 ℃). The dynamic Shear Rheological test and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery test had a good positive correlation on evaluating the SBS modified asphalt.