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首页» 过刊浏览» 2020» Vol.5» Issue(4) 449-457     DOI : 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2020.04.039
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川东北须家河组致密砂岩断缝系统 II:断层破碎带的结构特征
廖宗湖,凡睿 ,李薇,陈伟伦 ,刘辉,邹华耀,郝芳
1 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 102249 2 中国石化勘探分公司,成都 610041 3 中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,青岛 266580
Fault-fracture systems of the Xujiahe tight sandstone in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, Part II: Structure characteristics of fault damage zones
LIAO Zonghu , FAN Rui, LI Wei, CHEN Weilun, LIU Hui , ZOU Huayao , HAO Fang
1 College of Geoscience, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China 2 Exploration Branch of Sinopec, Chengdu 610041, China 3 School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum-Huadong, Tsingdao 266580, China

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摘要  断层破碎带结构是逐渐而非某次剧烈变化形成的,这也直接导致了破碎带结构几何空间特征的复杂性。 通常断层破碎带主要由断层核和破碎带这两个部分组成,但大规模或者构造变形强烈的断层中,断层破碎带可 能会由单一断层核演化为具有多个核部的复杂结构。如何获得这样的结构特征,对研究断层破碎带控制下的油 气运移规律有重要意义。 基于三维地震方差属性,本文提出对川东北马路背地区须家河组二段致密砂岩的断层破碎带构造形态进行 刻画,并对断层破碎带的宽度进行量化分析。结果显示如下:(1)地震方差属性结果展示了地下存在单核断层破 碎带和多核复合断层破碎带。本文利用累计方差值的斜率变化点,结合川东北致密砂岩具体情况,选取方差值 0.2 作为边界值,确定该断层破碎带宽度在 700~1200 m之间。(2)数值模拟显示,断层破碎带的形变程度呈指数 衰减,即随着离核距离的增加,变形强度减少,这些特征和地表认识一致。(3)通过破碎带宽度量化分析,认为 研究区目的层断裂带的宽度表现出极强的不均质性。致密砂岩不仅各断层破碎带之间宽度差异大,断层破碎带 宽度在深度上也有明显变化,其结构显示出明显的“层控效应”。 虽然确认断层破碎带宽度仍然依赖于经验取值,但该研究为致密砂岩断层破碎带内部结构解析提供了新的 方法和工具,为进一步建立川东北致密砂岩断缝成藏系统提供基础,其断层破碎带构造特征对分析断缝成藏具 有重要意义。
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关键词 : 四川盆地;致密砂岩;断缝系统;断层破碎带;地震属性
Abstract

The complexity of the fault zone structure is a direct consequence of the superposition of tectonic movements rather than of a single dramatic deformation. In general, the fault damage zone is mainly composed of two parts, the fault core and the damage zones. However, in a large-scale fault or faults with severe tectonic deformation, the fault may evolve from a single fault core into a composite fault structure with multiple fault cores. It is challenging to obtain the structural features of such fault damage zones to understand the subsurface oil and gas migration.

Based on the three-dimensional seismic variance properties, we provide a new interpretation approach and quantify the widths of fault damage zones of the second member of the Xujiahe tight sandstone in the Malubei region of northeastern Sichuan. The results include: (1) the seismic attribute of variance presents faults with a single fault core and composite fault structures with multiple fault cores. According to the turning point of accumulated values of seismic variance statistically, 0.2 is selected as a critical value of variance to define the width of damage zones. The width range is 700~1200 m. (2) numerical simulation shows that the deformation of the fault zone decays exponentially with increasing distance away from the fault core, which is consistent with the understanding of the faults in the outcrops. (3) The quantitative analysis of the width of the fault damage zones shows strong inhomogeneity of the fault zones as the width varies between the fault damage zones. There is also a significant variation in the depth of the same fault, which indicates an obvious "lithologically-controlled effect". This study is limited by selecting empirical values of seismic variance in determination of fault widths.  

The result validates this new approach and tools for the structural analysis of fault zones in tight sandstones. It provides a basis for further establishing a fault-fracture system in the Northeast Sichuan basin, and the structural features of the fault zones are of great significance for the analysis of petroleum accumulation and distribution in the tight sandstones.

Key words: Sichuan Basin; tight sandstone; fault-fracture system; fault damage zone; seismic attributes
收稿日期: 2020-12-29     
PACS:    
基金资助:中国科学院A 类战略性先导科技专项“智能导钻”(XDA14010306) 资助
通讯作者: zonghuliao@163.com
引用本文:   
LIAO Zonghu, FAN Rui, LI Wei, CHEN Weilun, LIU Hui, ZOU Huayao, HAO Fang. Fault-fracture systems of the Xujiahe tight sandstone in the Northeast Sichuan Basin, Part II: Structure characteristics of fault damage zones. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2020, 04: 449-457.
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