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首页» 过刊浏览» 2021» Vol.6» Issue(4) 576-594     DOI : 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2021.04.040
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利用人造岩石样品开展地震岩石物理实验研究的新进展
丁拼搏,魏建新,狄帮让,李向阳
1 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249 2 中国石油大学(北京)CNPC物探重点实验室,北京 102249
Progresses of rock physics laboratory study based on synthetic rock samples
DING Pinbo, WEI Jianxin, DI Bangrang, LI Xiang-yang
1 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China

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摘要  人造岩石样品被用于油气勘探开发诸多环节中,在岩石物理学、岩 石力学、油层物理等领域中取得了广泛应用,为降低油气勘探开发 中的多解性、提高油气勘探开发精度提供支撑。本文介绍了胶结法、 烧结法、冷压法和热压法、3D打印技术、降温加压法等人造岩石样 品的实验工艺,总结了针对复杂油气储层开展人造砂岩、双孔隙岩 石、人造页岩、人造碳酸盐岩、天然气水合物模拟等实验方法,以及应用人造岩石样品开展地震波散射机制、地震各向异性、地震波衰 减、震电效应、波致流机制、页岩脆性和甜点评价、水合物声电和力 学实验等研究的进展。
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关键词 : 人造岩石;岩石物理;人造砂岩;裂缝介质;人造页岩;天然气水合物;波致流;各向异性;脆性
Abstract
Synthetic rock samples are widely used during oil exploration and production in rock physics, rock mechanics   and petrophysics to simulate natural rock in the case of the lack of adequate natural rock samples or an alternative solution  
mimicking natural rock characteristics. Hence, the synthetic rock samples can help to investigate hydrocarbon accumulation and   migration, geophysical characteristics and the physical and chemical mechanisms in reservoir rocks. We review the experimental   methodologies used to construct synthetic rock samples including cementation, sintering, cold/hot pressing, 3D printing and   the cooling-pressing process. Based on these methodologies, synthetic samples are used to mimic sandstone, fractured porous   rocks, shales, carbonates and gas hydrate. Synthetic rock samples can be used in experiments on seismic scattering, anisotropy,   attenuation, seismo-electric effects, wave-induced fluid flow mechanism, shale brittleness and sweet point analysis, elastic/ electric/mechanic properties of gas hydrate, etc. Synthetic rock samples present more and more similarity to natural rocks in   pore structure, porosity, permeability, pore characteristics, mineral components, fluid saturation, micro-structure, etc. When   focusing on unconventional reservoir rocks, such as tight sandstone, fractured rocks, shales, carbonates and gas hydrate,   synthetic rocks with controlled parameters can provide samples with a single variable to investigate fluid flow, elastic properties,   electromagnetism properties, mechanical properties. These can be used to quantitatively characterize the fluid flow transportation,   elastic wave propagation, electromagnetism field, rock failure and other physical or chemical mechanisms, hence help to   reduce the ambiguity and improve the accuracy in hydrocarbon exploration and production. Together with natural rocks, using   synthetic rocks can reveal the effects of rock properties on rock physics characteristics. However, the application of synthetic   rocks for rock mechanics laboratory study still has some limitations. The rock mechanics properties related to pore structure,   mineral components, grain size, cementation, etc., synthetic rocks are not yet reliable enough to simulate natural rock mechanics   characteristics. Meanwhile, the main targets for petroleum exploration and production are becoming unconventional reservoirs   with more complex reservoir properties. Hence the feasibility and accuracy of simulating reservoir rocks with comprehensive   complexities should be closely examined during laboratory study based on synthetic rocks. In general, synthetic rock still has   some intrinsic drawbacks compared to natural rock (simple pore structure, different cementation, comparatively high porosity and   permeability, etc.). Techniques for construction synthetic rock should be updated to improve the similarity between synthetic and   natural rocks and to enhance the feasibility of using synthetic rock for laboratory study and industrial production.


Key words: synthetic rock; rock physics; synthetic sandstone; fractured media; synthetic shale; gas hydrate; wave-induced fluid flow; anisotropy; brittleness
收稿日期: 2021-12-29     
PACS:    
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(41804105)、国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05018-005) 资助
通讯作者: dingpinbo@cup.edu.cn
引用本文:   
DING Pinbo, WEI Jianxin, DI Bangrang, LI Xiang-yang. Progresses of rock physics laboratory study based on synthetic rock samples. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2021, 04: 576-594. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2096-1693.2021.04.040
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