Based on outcrop observation, drill cores, borehole imaging interpretation and section description, the factors affecting the fracture density in the Kuqa Depression were rock lithology, sedimentary microfacies, diagenetic facies, mechanical stratigraphy thickness, local structures and tectonic stress. Generally, environments for well-developed fractures include fine sandstone, sub-sea channels, strongly compacted diagenetic facies, thinner mechanical layers, distance to faults less than 1km and high paleo-tectonic stress. Furthermore, the calculation of the variable coefficient of fracture density indicates that mechanical stratigraphy thickness and tectonic stress significantly affect fracture density in contrast with diagenetic facies. Regionally, the paleo-tectonic stress has mainly controlled fracture density which gradually decreases from the Southern Tianshan Orogen to the depression. Meanwhile, rock lithology, sedimentary microfacies, diagenetic facies and mechanical stratigraphy thickness have simultaneously controlled the fracture density in the vertical direction. Additionally, shear fracture is the main fracture type in the Bashijiqike Formation, thus the principal structure curvature is not related to fracture intensity.