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压敏油藏不规则裂缝形态对压裂水平井产能的影响
孙璐1,刘月田1*,王宇1,张艺馨2,柴汝宽1
1 中国石油大学油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249,中国 2 奥克拉荷马大学石油与地质工程学院,奥克拉荷马州诺曼市 73019,美国
Impact of fractured irregular geometry on productivity of multiple fractured horizontal wells in a pressure-sensitive tight oil reservoir
SUN Lu1, LIU Yuetian1, WANG Yu1, ZHANG Yixin2, CHAI Rukuan1
1 Key Laboratory for Petroleum Engineering of the Ministry of Education, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China 2 Petroleum Engineering Institute, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 63101, USA

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摘要  目前,致密油藏压裂水平井产能模型多基于2类。第1类是将储层划分为外区、内区和人工裂缝共3个线性流动区的三线性模型,第2类是将渗流通道划分为基质、天然裂缝和人工裂缝共3种类型的三孔模型。这2类模型均未考虑人工裂缝的不规则形态、天然裂缝和人工裂缝的压力敏感差异。本文充分考虑不规则裂缝形态及其对产能的影响,考虑SRV区天然裂缝和人工裂缝具有不同的压力敏感系数及其对产能的影响,建立了压敏致密油藏压裂水平井非稳态模型。模型建立过程中将不规则形态裂缝离散为变宽度的矩形微元段。在人工裂缝微元段压力的方程中引入裂缝渗透率,在SRV区平均地层压力的方程中引入渗透率张量,实现了对人工裂缝和SRV区压力敏感系数的表征。采用等效渗透率描述SRV区双重介质渗透率。应用本文模型描述了中Bakken的B-1#和B-6#两口致密油井的生产变化,证明了本文模型的可靠性。分析结果表明,本文模型能够灵活模拟不规则形态的人工裂缝,处理人工裂缝和天然裂缝具有的不同压力敏感系数组合。3种形状裂缝导流能力由大到小的排列顺序为楔形缝、颈缩缝、矩形缝。当人工裂缝压力敏感系数大于0.15时,压裂水平井存在最优井底流压,SRV区天然裂缝的压力敏感系数越大,累积流量越小。
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关键词 : 致密油藏, 压裂水平井产能, 不规则裂缝形态, 压力敏感
Abstract

  At present, productivity models of fractured horizontal wells in tight reservoirs are based on the following 2 types. The first is a tri-linear flow model, in which the flow regions include three parts; outer reservoir, inner formation, and artificial fracture. The second is a triple porosity model, in which the flow path includes the matrix, natural fractures, and artificial fractures. However, these two models do not consider the irregular geometry of artificial fractures as well as the pressure sensitivity of natural fractures and artificial fractures. This paper mainly builds a transient model of a fractured horizontal well in a pressure-sensitive tight reservoir and conducts productivity analysis according to the irregular geometry of artificial fractures as well as the different features of pressure sensitivity in the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) and artificial fractures. In the model, the irregular shape fractures are converted into rectangular microelements of variable width. Fracture permeability is introduced into the equation of pressure at the microelement section of artificial fractures. The permeability tensor is introduced into the equation of the average formation pressure in the SRV. The pressure sensitivity coefficient of artificial fractures and SRV is characterized. The permeability of double medium in SRV is described by the equivalent permeability. This model is used to describe the production of two wells B-1# and B-6# in Mid-Bakken, and the reliability of the model is illustrated. The results show that the model can simulate irregular morphological fractures flexibly and deal with the combination of different pressure sensitivity coefficients. Three kinds of shape fractures are wedged, necked and rectangular. When the pressure sensitivity coefficient of artificial fractures is greater than 0.15, there is an optimal bottom hole flow pressure for fractured horizontal wells. The greater the pressure sensitivity coefficient of natural fractures in SRV, the smaller the cumulative flow.

Key words: tight oil reservoir productivity of fractured horizontal well irregular geometry of fractures pressure-sensitive reasonable productivity working system
收稿日期: 2017-02-17     
PACS:    
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目“各向异性裂缝页岩气藏渗流机理与理论研究”(51374222)和国家重点基础研究发展计划“陆相致密油高效开发基础研究”课题五之专题一“致密油藏产能预测方法”(2015CB250905)联合资助
通讯作者: 刘月田, lyt51@163.com
引用本文:   
孙璐,刘月田,王宇,张艺馨,柴汝宽. 压敏油藏不规则裂缝形态对压裂水平井产能的影响[J]. 石油科学通报, 2018, 3(1): 45-56. SUN Lu, LIU Yuetian, WANG Yu, ZHANG Yixin, CHAI Rukuan. Impact of fractured irregular geometry on productivity of multiple fractured horizontal wells in a pressure-sensitive tight oil reservoir. Petroleum Science Bulletin, 2018, 3(1): 45-56.
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