Energy is an important foundation for national economy and social development, and it is necessary to run the concept of greening and cleaning throughout the whole process of energy production to achieve sustainable development. In the process of building a diversified clean energy supply system, it is an effective measure to improve the quality of energy supply through developing “low-carbon, zero-carbon and carbon-negative” technologies. The “low-carbon” goal is to reduce carbon emissions at source, focusing on the energy-intensive fossil energy industry; the “zero carbon” technology mainly targets the effective utilization of renewable energy such as hydrogen energy and biomass energy, achieving a complete replacement of traditional energy; and the “carbon negative” technology connotation is the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide, aiming at achieving a cliff-like decline in carbon emissions. Therefore, in view of the current situation of intertwined development of conventional and new energies, this paper overviews the following three aspects: lowering of energy consumption, reduction of pollution emissions and in-depth development and utilization of resources. As for the “zero carbon” and “carbon negative” technologies, this paper mainly overviews from the aspects of catalysis science and technology, aiming to provide guidelines for the construction of a “zero-carbon future city”.